Environmental Threats
Weather
Weather is perhaps the most common category of threats to all aspects of aviation, including
ATC operations. Managing this threat is made easier by knowing the current weather and the forecast trend for at least the duration of a controller's shift. For example: changes in wind direction may involve runway changes. The busier the traffic, the more crucial becomes the timing for a runway change. A controller will plan strategies to make the change with a minimal disruption to the traffic flow. For en-route controllers, knowing areas of significant weather will help to anticipate requests for diversions. Appropriate knowledge of local weather-phenomena (i.e. turbulence over mountainous terrain, fog-patterns, intensity of thunderstorms, etc.) and/or sudden weather-occurrences like windshear or microbursts contributes towards successful weather threat management.
Geographical Environment
Threats in this category comprise high terrain or obstacles in the controller's area of
responsibility. Less obvious threats can be posed by, for example, residential areas that must not be overflown below certain altitudes or during certain hours. At some airports runway changes are mandatory at specified times of day for environmental reasons.
Source By Threats and Error Management DOC.
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